Trace Crystal provides a means of incorporating a unique, uncloneable and untransferable fingerprint directly onto the surface of any solid physical product, to reestablish trust in authenticity and quality. The fingerprint is created by Cholesteric Spherical Reflectors, or CSRs, minuscule spheres with spectacular optical properties invented by our team. By design, the deposition of CSRs into a fingerprint—which we call a CaeSaR tag—leaves the distribution of CSRs random, in a way that not even we can make a copy. The CSRs communicate optically with each other in a complex fashion, in different colors and in different places and directions depending on how the CaeSaR tag is illuminated and viewed. This generates a series of patterns that are unique to each CaeSaR tag. By reading these patterns with a simple optical read-out device, Trace Crystal can verify whether an item is original or fake with great certainty.
Why can you trust CaeSaR tags? A golden rule in cybersecurity for trustworthy authentication is that the algorithm is public but the key is private. Trace Crystal employs the same mindset in the physical domain: the core of our technology is published in the leading scientific journals for anyone to read and be convinced by its reliability. What we do not reveal is our key, i.e., how we implement the technology. You can read a popular science account of how our technology works here. If you wish to see a list of scientific publications describing our technology, click the icon below.
- Unclonable human-invisible machine vision markers leveraging the omnidirectional chiral Bragg diffraction of cholesteric spherical reflectors.
Hakam Agha, Yong Geng, Xu Ma, Deniz Isinsu Avsar, Rijeesh Kizhakidathazhath, Yan-Song Zhang, Ali Tourani, Hriday Bavle, Jose-Luis Sanchez-Lopez, Holger Voos, Mathew Schwartz, and Jan P.F. Lagerwall,
Light, Science and Applications, 11, no. 309 (2022). - Linking Physical Objects to Their Digital Twins via Fiducial Markers Designed for Invisibility to Humans
Mathew Schwartz, Yong Geng, Hakam Agha, Rijeesh Kizhakidathazhath, Danqing Liu, Gabriele Lenzini and Jan P.F. Lagerwall, Multifunctional Materials, 4, 2, p. 022002 (2021) - Cholesteric liquid crystal shells as enabling material for information-rich design and architecture
Mathew Schwartz, Gabriele Lenzini, Yong Geng, Peter Rønne, Peter Ryan, Jan P.F. Lagerwall
Adv. Mater., 30, 30, p. 1707382 (2018). - An Analysis of Cholesteric Spherical Reflector Identifiers for Object Authenticity Verification
Mónica P. Arenas, Hüseyin Demirci, and Gabriele Lenzini. Machine Learning and Knowledge Extraction 4, no. 1: 222 (2022). - Pixelating Structural Color with Cholesteric Spherical Reflectors
Hakam Agha, Yan-Song Zhang, Yong Geng, and Jan P. F. Lagerwall,
Adv. Photon. Research, 4, 4, 2200363 (2023) - A Secure Authentication Protocol for Cholesteric Spherical Reflectors Using Homomorphic Encryption.
Mónica P. Arenas, Muhammed Ali Bingol, Hüseyin Demirci, Georgios Fotiadis, and Gabriele Lenzini.
Progress in Cryptology - AFRICACRYPT 2022. - Encoding Hidden Information onto Surfaces Using Polymerized Cholesteric Spherical Reflectors
Yong Geng, Rijeesh Kizhakidathazhath and Jan P.F. Lagerwall,
Adv. Funct. Mater., 31, 21, p.2100399 (2021), featured on Advanced Science News, photonics.com and phys.org - Through the spherical looking-glass: asymmetry enables multicolored internal reflection in cholesteric liquid crystal shells
Y. Geng , J.-H. Jang, K.-G, Noh , J. Noh, J. Lagerwall and S.-Y. Park
Adv. Opt. Mater., 6, 1700923 (2018) - Security in the shell: An optical physical unclonable function made of shells of cholesteric liquid crystals.
G. Lenzini, S. Ouchani, P. Roenne, P.Y. Ryan, Y. Geng, J.P.F. Lagerwall, and J. Noh, in 2017 IEEE Workshop on Information Forensics and Security (WIFS) (pp. 1-6). IEEE. (2017) - High-fidelity spherical cholesteric liquid crystal Bragg reflectors generating unclonable patterns for secure authentication
Yong Geng, JungHyun Noh, Irena Drevensek-Olenik, Romano Rupp, Gabriele Lenzini and Jan P. F. Lagerwall
Sci. Rep., 6, Article number: 26840 (2016)